Nelly Unger

Final Report

Transport poverty: definitions, indicators, determinants, and mitigation strategies

This final report summarises the outcomes of the study “Transport poverty: Definitions, indicators, determinants, and mitigation strategies” commissioned by DG EMPL. Proceeding based on three tasks, the project (i) investigates the concepts and definitions related to transport poverty, (ii) rese

Energy and transport vulnerability of households in the context of emissions trading: An analysis for 10 EU Member States

Energy and transport poverty and vulnerability are a central building block in the debate around many energy and climate policy issues and have gained firm hold in EU directives, regulations and documents. National governments need to establish indicators for both energy and transport poverty and vu

Ariadne Project Workshop "Targeted social compensation and identification of vulnerability: What is next for science to support policy?“

Challenges of defining, measuring and addressing energy and transport poverty and vulnerability

Presentation by Nelly Unger and Dr. Katja Schumacher, Ariadne Project Workshop "Targeted social compensation and identification of vulnerability: What is next for science to support policy?“, 7th December 2023

Impacts Considerations, and Opportunities for European Member States

Putting the ETS 2 and Social Climate Fund to Work

In early 2023, landmark legislation was passed by the EU, establishing a new emissions trading system (ETS 2) for the buildings and road transport sectors. As the resulting rise in energy costs is expected to have uneven social impacts, the ETS 2 is paired with the Social Climate Fund, a mechanism t

Policy Brief

Making the ETS 2 and Social Climate Fund Work

This report is intended as a steppingstone towards implementation. It provides a basis of knowledge for policymakers and experts across the climate and social policy fields tasked with making the Social Climate Fund work. We review the new legislation to gain an understanding of its scope, objective

Shifting public spending from compensatory mechanisms on domestic energy use to energy efficiency and renewable energy measures

Targeted investments to address energy security and energy poverty

The energy crisis in Europe following the war in Ukraine has put a high burden on many consumers with energy expenditure now taking up a substantial share of their income. For low-income households in particular the situation worsened considerably. Governments reacted by introducing compensation sch