Vulnerability in the context of the ETS 2: Existing data and instruments in the housing sector

This report explores relevant data on housing characteristics and instruments in the buildings sector that pertain to vulnerable groups in five Member States: Germany, France, Poland, Greece, and Ireland. National sources and European Union (EU)-level data are used to provide insights into the housing and living conditions of financially vulnerable groups. Information on supporting measures and instruments targeting these groups are analysed and good practices derived. These findings are put into the context of the extension of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) to include the transport and buildings sector. The aim of the report is to offer an overview of the status quo in these Member States, discussing who is affected by the new ETS 2 and what measures could best support these households.