Scoping voluntary corporate climate action in the European aviation sector

The BCVM approaches for eight European airlines (i.e. easyJet, Ryanair, Lufthansa, British Airways, Air France, KLM, Wizz Air and SAS Airlines), which were collectively responsible for over half of the total CO₂e emissions of the aviation sector in the EU in 2019, were assessed in this study to provide insights with regards to both the scale and quality of efforts, beyond the value chain, to mitigate the negative environmental impacts associated with air travel. Following a comprehensive review of  the literature, a series of indicators were developed that could be replicated for each airline in order to provide the means of comparison between the different BVCM approaches adopted.